How to Count Colors in a Rug (Understanding Abrash and Complexity)
When counting colors in a rug, each intentional color element should be counted individually. One important exception applies: abrash should not be counted as separate colors.
To begin, study the rug carefully and write down each distinct color as it appears within the design. Focus on deliberate design choices rather than tonal shifts caused by dye variation or the weaving process.
Example: Counting Colors in a French Aubusson Design Rug
Below is a corner detail of a French Aubusson design rug made in India. Although the composition appears relatively restrained at first glance, closer inspection reveals a total of 15 individual colors!
Our count includes:
- Two shades of pink
- Two shades of blue
- Two shades of brown
- Two shades of lavender
- Two shades of gold
- Two shades of orange
- Two shades of green
- One ivory border color
This example illustrates how a rug that may initially read as simple can, in fact, contain a surprisingly complex and nuanced color palette.
Abrash and Color Grouping
Below is an example of color striations commonly found in rugs with abrash. Colored arrows indicate areas where subtle tonal shifts occur within a single color family due to changes in dye lots or absorption.
Even when abrash produces multiple visible variations—sometimes three or more within the same hue—these should be counted as one color. Abrash represents natural variation rather than a separate design color.
Colors that do not appear as abrash may be counted individually unless they are limited to very small or incidental areas, such as a woven signature, inscription, or elements confined to the kilim or fringe.
Color Count and Design Sophistication
Simple-looking rug designs often possess far more complexity than is immediately apparent. A broader range of colors requires greater sensitivity from the weaver, including precise transitions, careful alignment with the design map, and consistent control of dye balance throughout the weaving.
In general, the more colors involved in a composition, the more demanding the weaving process becomes. Each additional shade introduces opportunities for error, requiring heightened attention and responsiveness from the weaver. For this reason, rugs with richer and more varied palettes often reflect a higher level of design planning and technical sophistication.
Understanding how to identify and count colors helps reveal this hidden complexity, offering deeper insight into the craftsmanship and intentionality behind a rug’s design.
This educational content is authored and curated by David Dilmaghani (Old New House® and Rug Rag®), drawing on first-hand experience, research, and long-term study of antique and vintage rugs.
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